| 北京市城乡限定学校一、四年级小学生近视眼患病率及相关危险因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭寅,刘丽娟,徐亮,吕燕云,唐萍,冯祎,孟梦.北京市城乡限定学校一、四年级小学生近视眼患病率及相关危险因素[J].眼科,2012,21(2):127-131. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭寅 刘丽娟 徐亮 吕燕云 唐萍 冯祎 孟梦 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 100005,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院 北京同仁眼科中心 北京市眼科研究所
2. 首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院验光配镜中心 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 分析北京市城乡一、四年级小学生近视患病率情况，并探讨其相关危险因素。设计 学校为基础的横断面调查。研究对象 共调查城乡各一所学校。382名一年级和299名四年级小学生参与研究。方法 对所有学生进行眼科检查，包括视力、眼球运动、电脑自动验光、眼前段、眼球生物测量及非散瞳眼底照相。并对学生及家长进行问卷调查，包括一般项目、用眼时间、户外活动以及社会经济学因素。近视与性别、地区、用眼时间、户外活动及社会经济学因素的关系采用多元回归模型进行分析。主要指标 近视患病率及相关的危险因素。结果 按照不同的近视定义［等效球镜度（SE）≤-0.50 D，≤-1.00 D，≤-1.50 D，≤-2.00 D］，本群学生中近视患病率分别为48.1%、27.9%、17.5%和11.6%。通过多因素Logistic回归分析，近视（SE≤-1.00D）患病率与年龄（P=0.003, OR=1.45）、地区（P=0.000, OR=0.20）、父母近视情况（P=0.000, OR=2.99）、户外运动时间（P=0.013, OR=0.14）、户外休闲时间（P=0.001, OR=0.33）、户外活动时间（P=0.001, OR=0.35）、看电视时间（P=0.008, OR=0.66）、学习时间（P=0.001, OR=1.37）有关。眼轴长度与年龄（P=0.000; 标准化系数β：0.28）、身高（P=0.001; β: 0.18）、父母近视情况（P=0.03； β：0.09）、地区（P=0.000； β：-0.21）、户外活动时间（P=0.001； β:-0.16）、户外休闲时间（P=0.001； β： -0.15）、学习时间（P=0.02； β：0.10）相关。因此年龄大、城市居住、户外活动少、父母近视、学习时间长者近视患病率高、眼轴长。结论 该限定城、乡地区学龄儿童近视患病率、眼轴长度与年龄、地区、父母近视、学习时间、户外活动等相关。增加户外活动时间，可能有助于降低青少年儿童的近视患病率。（眼科，2012,21： 127-131）
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| 关 键 词： | 近视 相关因素 户外活动 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-02-13 |
The prevalence and associated risk factors of myopia in grade 1 and grade 4 primary students of defined schools in urban and rural regions of Beijing |
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| GUO Yin
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LIU Li-juan
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XU Liang
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LV Yan-yun
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TANG Ping
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FENG Yi
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MENG Meng.The prevalence and associated risk factors of myopia in grade 1 and grade 4 primary students of defined schools in urban and rural regions of Beijing[J].Ophthalmology in China,2012,21(2):127-131. |
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| Authors: | GUO Yin LIU Li-juan XU Liang LV Yan-yun TANG Ping FENG Yi MENG Meng |
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| Affiliation: | Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective To explore the prevalence and associated factors of myopia among Grade-1 and Grade-4 primary students in urban and rural regions of Beijing.Design School-based,cross-sectional investigation.Participants Two schools were investigated.Three hundred eight-two Grade-1 and 299 Grade-4 primary students participated in the study.Methods Comprehensive eye examination including visual acuity,ocular motility evaluation,auto-refraction,slit lamp biomcroscopy,ocular biometry and non-mydriatic fundus photography were carried out on all paticipants.Parents and children were administered detailed questionnaires including general information,nearwork,social-economic parameters and outdoor activity.Main Outcome Measures Prevalence and associated factors of myopia.Results According to different definitions of myopia(Spherical Equivalent,SE≤-0.50 D,≤-1.00 D,≤-1.50 D,≤-2.00 D),the prevalence was 48.1%,27.9%,17.5% and 11.6%,respectively.In multivariate logistic regression analysis,the prevalence of myopia(SE≤-1.00 D)was associated with age(P=0.003,OR=1.45,95% canfidence intervals,CI: 1.25,1.67),place(P=0.000,OR=0.20,95% CI: 0.14,0.29),parental myopia(P=0.000,OR=2.99,95%CI: 1.83,4.89),outdoor sports(P=0.013,OR=0.14,95%CI: 0.03,0.65),outdoor leisure(P=0.001,OR=0.33,95%CI: 0.22,0.49),outdoor activity(P=0.001,OR=0.35,95%CI: 0.24,0.50),studying indoors(P=0.001,OR=1.37,95%CI: 1.09,1.72),watching television indoors(P=0.008,OR=0.66,95%CI: 0.52,0.84).Correspondingly,axial length was significantly associated with higher age(P=0.000;standardized coefficient beta: 0.28),taller body height(P=0.001;beta: 0.18),parental myopia(P=0.03;beta: 0.09) and urban region of habitation(P=0.000;beta:-0.21),less time spent outdoors(P=0.001;beta:-0.16),outdoor leisure(P=0.001;beta:-0.15)and more time spent indoors with studying(P=0.02;beta: 0.10).Children with higher age,urban region of habitation,less time spent outdoors,parental myopia,more time spent indoors with studying had higher prevalence of myopia and longer axial length.Conclusions The prevalence of myopia and axial length were associated with older age,urban region of habitation,parental mypia,more indoor studying and less outdoor activity.More outdoor activity may potentially be helpful to reduce the high prevalence of myopia in the young generation. |
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| Keywords: | myopia associated factors outdoor activity |
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