Regulation of metabolic health and adipose tissue function by group 2 innate lymphoid cells |
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| Authors: | Kelly M. Cautivo Ari B. Molofsky |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA;2. Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA;3. Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Adipose tissue (AT) is home to an abundance of immune cells. With chronic obesity, inflammatory immune cells accumulate and promote insulin resistance and the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, recent studies have highlighted the regulation and function of immune cells in lean, healthy AT, including those associated with type 2 or “allergic” immunity. Although traditionally activated by infection with multicellular helminthes, AT type 2 immunity is active independently of infection, and promotes tissue homeostasis, AT “browning,” and systemic insulin sensitivity, protecting against obesity‐induced metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are integral regulators of AT type 2 immunity, producing the cytokines interleukin‐5 and IL‐13, promoting eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages, and cooperating with and promoting AT regulatory T (Treg) cells. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in our understanding of group 2 innate lymphoid cell cells and type 2 immunity in AT metabolism and homeostasis. |
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| Keywords: | Adipose tissue Diabetes Group 2 innate lymphoid cells Metabolism Type 2 immunity |
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