Fish,n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n − 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and breast cancer risk: The Japan Public Health Center‐based prospective study |
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| Authors: | Grace Y. Kiyabu Manami Inoue Eiko Saito Sarah K. Abe Norie Sawada Junko Ishihara Motoki Iwasaki Taiki Yamaji Taichi Shimazu Shizuka Sasazuki Kenji Shibuya Shoichiro Tsugane for the JPHC Study Group |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;2. AXA Department of Health and Human Security, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;3. Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Nutrition Management, Sagami Women's University, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Limited and inconsistent studies exist on the association between the intake of fish, n ? 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n ? 6 PUFA and breast cancer. Fish and n ? 3 PUFA support various body functions and are thought to reduce the carcinogenesis risk while n ? 6 PUFA may have a positive association with cancer risk. We examined the association between intake of fish, n ? 3 PUFA [including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA)] and n ? 6 PUFA and breast cancer with subanalyses on estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. We investigated 38,234 Japanese women aged 45–74 years from the Japan Public Health Center‐based prospective study (JPHC study), and during 14.1 years of follow‐up time, 556 breast cancer cases were newly diagnosed. Breast cancer risk was not associated with the intake of total fish, n ? 3 PUFA and n ? 6 PUFA when analyzed in totality through multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models with age as the time scale. Intake of total n ? 6 was positively associated with the development of ER+PR+ tumors [multivariable‐adjusted HR Q4 vs. Q1 = 2.94 (95% CI: 1.26–6.89; ptrend = 0.02)]. Intake of EPA was associated with a decreased breast cancer risk for ER+PR+ tumors [multivariable‐adjusted HR Q2 vs. Q1 = 0.47 (95% CI: 0.25–0.89; ptrend =0.47)]. While the overall association between the intake of total fish, n ? 3 PUFA and n ? 6 PUFA and breast cancer risk is null, for ER+PR+ tumors, a positive association was seen between n ? 6 intake and breast cancer, and a marginally significant inverse association was observed for EPA intake. |
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| Keywords: | breast cancer fatty acids diet fish receptor |
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