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EUROGIN 2014 roadmap: Differences in human papillomavirus infection natural history,transmission and human papillomavirus‐related cancer incidence by gender and anatomic site of infection
Authors:Alan G. Nyitray  Aimée R. Kreimer  Christine M. Pierce Campbell  Marc T. Goodman  Staci L. Sudenga  Joseph Monsonego  Silvia Franceschi
Affiliation:1. Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health at Houston, Houston, TX, USA;2. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;3. Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Science, Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA;5. Institute of the Cervix, Paris, France;6. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
Abstract:
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cancer at multiple anatomic sites in men and women, including cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, vulvar and vaginal cancers in women and oropharyngeal, anal and penile cancers in men. In this EUROGIN 2014 roadmap, differences in HPV‐related cancer and infection burden by gender and anatomic site are reviewed. The proportion of cancers attributable to HPV varies by anatomic site, with nearly 100% of cervical, 88% of anal and <50% of lower genital tract and oropharyngeal cancers attributable to HPV, depending on world region and prevalence of tobacco use. Often, mirroring cancer incidence rates, HPV prevalence and infection natural history varies by gender and anatomic site of infection. Oral HPV infection is rare and significantly differs by gender; yet, HPV‐related cancer incidence at this site is several‐fold higher than at either the anal canal or the penile epithelium. HPV seroprevalence is significantly higher among women compared to men, likely explaining the differences in age‐specific HPV prevalence and incidence patterns observed by gender. Correspondingly, among heterosexual partners, HPV transmission appears higher from women to men. More research is needed to characterize HPV natural history at each anatomic site where HPV causes cancer in men and women, information that is critical to inform the basic science of HPV natural history and the development of future infection and cancer prevention efforts.
Keywords:human papillomavirus  epidemiology  gender differences  natural history  cancer
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