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Current trends and pitfalls in endoscopic treatment of urolithiasis |
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| Authors: | Takaaki Inoue Shinsuke Okada Shuzo Hamamoto Takashi Yoshida Tadashi Matsuda |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan;2. Department of Urology, Gyotoku General Hospital, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan;3. Department of Urology, Medical School, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan |
| Abstract: | Current development of endoscopic technology, lithotripters, and stone‐retrieval devices has expanded the indications for retrograde and antegrade endoscopic therapy in the management of urolithiasis. This technology has also resulted in minimally invasive therapy. As surgeons’ experience of endourological procedures with the newer instruments has become integrated, the surgical technique and indications for urolithiasis have also changed in the past few years. The present review provides an overview of endourological procedures for upper urinary tract stones and the key points related to surgical techniques. |
| Keywords: | current endourological topic flexible ureteroscopy mini‐endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery retrograde intrarenal surgery technological advancement |