Objective: Study rabbits carotid atherosclerosis model test by comparing carotid artery cannula method with the external carotid artery ligation method, the differences of modeling time and model stability of two methods are obtained. Method: Thirty Male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups which are control group (n=6); cannula group (n=8); ligation group (n=8); fat group (n=8). Lipid levels of all rabbits were measured before and after the high fat diet. After 8 weeks, all rabbits were sacrificed and pathological examinations were made by taking the cannula proximal end and ligation of the proximal end of the vascular. Result: High-fat group formed a significant hyperlipidemia after 8 weeks. Compared with the high-fat group, simply cannula carotid intimal lipid deposited lighter, but vascular intima thickness was obvious increasing, at the same time, intima, media and membrane were necrosis in varying degrees. The ligation lesions were lighter than the tube method, while it is still more serious than the normal group. Conclusion: Compared with the high-fat diet alone, using simple cannula technique, rabbits can also form atherosclerotic vascular lesions for 8 weeks, and sleeve proximal end would form a local low shear stress model which has good stability.