Objective: To investigate the effective component group represented by fingerprint contributed to pharmacodynamic by grey relational analysis, and provide a reference for traditional Chinese medicine quality control and develop evaluation criteria of pharmacodynamics. Method: The fingerprint of essential oil from Curcuma kwangsiensis was established by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the anti-tumor effect of curcuma oil was studied. At the premise of the acquired GC-MS characteristic of fingerprint and pharmacodynamic data to inhibiting proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell, the relational grade and relational sequence between fingerprint of essential oil and of inhibiting proliferation rate were calculated by grey relational analysis. Result: According to the relational grade the sequence of contribution to inhibiting proliferation to nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell was curcumol>curdione>β-elemene>germacrone>curzerenone>α-caryophyllene>δ-selinene>β-caryophyllene>β-elemenone>a-pinene>α-caryophyllene>eucalyptol>camphor>2-nonanol>isoborneol>curzerene>δ-elemene>camphene>D-limonene>borneol. Conclusion: The anti-tumor effect of C. kwangsiensis is the result of combined effect of 'effective component group. This study identifies the effective component group represented by fingerprint contributed to pharmacodynamic, and provides a reference for establishing fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine's spectrum-effect relationship, traditional Chinese medicine quality control and develop evaluation criteria of pharmacodynamics.